Meaning， Efficacy and Mechanism of Huoxin Pills in Treating Coronary Heart Disease with Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Cardiovascular diseases， with high incidence and high mortality， belong to the category of "chest impediment and heart pain" in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Chinese medicines have unique effect on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases with little side effects. Huoxin pills， one of the National Essential Drugs， is formulated based on the basic pathogenesis of weak pulse at Yang and wiry pulse at Yin and the pathological basis of myocardial ischemia and hypoxia and used for treating angina pectoris of coronary heart disease （Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome）. This medicine is derived from the classic famous prescription and is composed of ten precious Chinese medicinal herbs. It can replenish Qi， activate blood， and warm collaterals to diffuse impediment by enhancing myocardial contractility and cardiac output to improve micro-circulation and increase coronary blood flow， regulating immune functions， alleviating inflammation， detoxifying， and tranquilizing mind. Clinically， it is suitable for patients with angina pectoris caused by the lack of heart Yang， chest tightness， shortness of breath， palpitation， fear of cold for limbs and so on， especially for the elderly with Yang deficiency or the patients with a history of myocardial infarction. On the basis of the available research reports， this paper explains the formula meaning of Huoxin pills from the perspective of the basic pathogenesis of coronary heart disease and predicts its action targets， location and links. Furthermore， we expound the mechanism of action of Huoxin pills based on basic research and clinical evidence-based research， aiming to provide data support and evidence for the clinical application of this medicine.

Research Advance in Mechanism of Cisplatin Toxic Injury and Its Prevention and Treatment by Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Cisplatin， as one of the commonly used broad-spectrum anti-tumor drugs in clinical practice， is used to treat testicular cancer， ovarian cancer， head and neck cancer， bladder cancer， lung cancer， cervical cancer and other solid cancers. It has obvious curative effect but strong toxic and side effect， and is easy to cause great damage to the body. The toxic reaction may involve serious toxic damages to different organs， and induce nephrotoxicity， hepatotoxicity， ototoxicity， cardiotoxicity， neurotoxicity and other toxicity. Animal experiments have shown that the toxic damage induced by cisplatin is the result of many factors in a time-and dose-dependent manner. In the course of clinical use， the therapeutic dose of cisplatin is also greatly limited due to toxic damage， which seriously affects the quality of life in patients. Therefore， it is the main research direction to find a suitable treatment plan or to use drugs in combination with cisplatin to reduce toxicity and increase efficiency. With the increasing clinical participation of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， TCM has shown its unique advantages in treating diseases， and can effectively reduce the cisplatin chemotherapy-induced toxic reaction by improving the oxidative stress state of the body， inhibiting normal apoptosis and inflammatory injury， activating autophagy， regulating the abnormal expression of drug transporters， etc. In this paper， the mechanism of cisplatin-induced toxic damage to various organs and the mechanism of TCM in prevention and treatment of cisplatin-induced toxic damage were summarized in detail， including the dose and mechanism of cisplatin-induced toxic damage to different organs， the effective treatment dose， combined medication mode and prevention and treatment mechanism of combined application of TCM and cisplatin， in order to provide a basis for rational application and clinical medication of TCM combined with chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin.

Content Determination of Total Flavones and Polysaccharides in Hedysari Radix in Different Producing Areas in Gansu Province / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To establish a method for content determination of total flavones and polysaccharides in Hedysari Radix in different producing areas in Gansu Province.Methods The contents of total flavones and polysaccharides in Hedysari Radix in different producing areas in Gansu Province were determined by ultraviolet spectroscopy with calycosin-7-glucoside and glucose as reference substance, and the wavelength was set at 260 nm and 484 nm.Results The contents were from 2.82 mg/g to 6.79 mg/g for total flavones and from 106.14 mg/g to 746.40 mg/g for total polysaccharides in Hedysari Radix in different producing areas in Gansu Province. The recoveries of total flavones and total polysaccharides were 97.96％ and 102.90％, respectively.Conclusion There was difference in contents of total flavones and polysaccharides of Hedysari Radix in different producing areas in Gansu Province, and the method of using ultraviolet spectroscopy is simple, reproducible, accurate and reliable, which can be preferably used as the method for content determination of total flavones and polysaccharides in Hedysari Radix.

A Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detector for High Performance Liquid Chromatography Detection and Its Application in Pharmaceutical Analysis / 分析化学

A capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector for high performance liquid chromatography was developed. The detector was consisted of a signal generator, a signal amplifier, and a pair of tubular electrodes. A plastic connecting tube following the separation column was threaded through the two tubular electrodes. When the separated components passed the region between two tubular electrodes, they would be sensed. The instrumental parameters of this detector were investigated, including the internal diameter of connecting tube,the frequency and voltage of excitation signal, electrodes length, and the gap between two electrodes. The 0.5 mm of internal diameter of connecting tube, 70 kHz of excitation frequency, 60 V of excitation voltage,10 mm of electrodes length and 1.5 mm of gap between two electrodes were finally found to be the best working conditions for the detector. This HPLC-C4D(capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector) was applied to the analysis of oleic and linoleic acids in Brucea javanica oil. The chromatographic peak area was linear with concentration for oleic and linoleic acids in 5-1000 μg/mL, and the limit of detection reached 2.5 μg/mL and 1.0 μg/mL,respectively. The results demonstrate that the present method is sensitive and accurate, proving this homemade contactless conductivity detector has a great application potential for pharmaceutical analysis in future development.

Effects of Radix Hedysari, Radix Astragalus and compatibility of Angelica Sinensis on blood deficiency model mice induced by cyclophosphamide / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the intervention effects of Radix Hedysari, Radix Astragalus and compatibility of Angelica Sinensis on blood deficiency model mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX).@*METHODS@#The mice were randomly divided into 7 groups, 10 mice each group. The blood deficiency model was established by CTX. The blank group and model group were treated with saline by gavage, while mice in positive group were administered with Lvjiaobuxue granule. Four dosage group were administered with Radix Hedysari, Radix Hedysari-Radix Angelica Sinensis(5:1), Radix Astragalus and Radix Astragalus-Radix Angelica Sinensis(5:1) water decoction. All the drugs were administered to mice for consecutive 7 d. The contents of red blood cell (RBC), lymphocyte(LYM), hematocrit (HCT), white blood cell (WBC), platelet (PLT) were detected by hematology analyzer, while thymus index(TI), spleen index(SI), reticulocyte (RC), marrow karyocyte (MK) were calculated, and the femur by pathological section were observed by microscope.@*RESULTS@#Compared with blank group, the contents of RBC, WBC, HCT, PLT, LYM were decreased in model group (<0.05). Compared with model group, the contents of RBC, WBC, HCT, PLT, LYM, RC and marrow karyocyte were increased in Hedysari-Angelica Sinensis(5:1) and Astragalus Angelica Sinensis(5:1) (<0.05), at the same time, the pathological damage of femur could be improved.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The effect of enrichment blood on blood deficiency model mice in Hedysari-Angelica Sinensis (5:1) and Astragalus-Angelica Sinensis(5:1) were superior to Hedysari and Astragalus.

Pharmaceutical research progress of rhynchophylla based on chemical stability / 中国中药杂志

Rhynchophylla is a Chinese herb commonly used in clinical practice. It's also the primary herb of some famous Chinese herbal compound such as Tianma Gouteng decoction, and Lingyang Gouteng decoction. According the record from many previous materia medica literatures, rhynchophylla should be added later during decoction. Pharmaceutical research showed that rhynchophylla alkaloids were not stable. Which has resulted in many problems in the research and its application. For example, there was not a quantitative determination method in "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" of past and present versions, which seriously impacted its quality control and product application. Firstly, records from previous materia medica literatures and "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" were systematically sorted based on the chemical stability of rhynchophylla. Secondly, pharmaceutical research including chemical compositions and their stability, pharmacological effects, extraction process and quality analysis, was reviewed after reference of literatures published at home and abroad in recent decades. Positive reference and evidence for further research and development of rhynchophylla will be provided in the article.

Efficacy comparison between acupuncture smoothing-liver and regulating-spleen method and regulating Governor Vessel method for menopausal insomnia / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the efficacy difference among acupuncture smoothing-liver and regulating-spleen method, regulating Governor Vessel method and oral administration of western medicine for menopausal insomnia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and fifty-six cases of menopausal insomnia were randomized into a smoothing-liver and regulating-spleen group (group A), a regulating Governor Vessel group (group B) and a medication group (group C), 52 cases in each one. Acupuncture at Zhongwan (CV 12), Daheng (SP 15), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Taichong (LR 3), etc. was applied in the group A; acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20), Fengfu (GV 16), Shenting (GV 24) and Yintang (GV 29), etc. was used in the group B; oral administration of estazolam tablets (1 mg each-day) was adapted in the group C, all once a day for totally 30 days. The each item score and total score in Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were evaluated before and after treatment in each group, also the efficacy in each group was assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the treatment, the sleeping rate in the group A and B was significantly higher than that in the group C (both P < 0.05); the total effective rate in the Group A and B was also significantly higher than that in the group C [86.5% (45/52) and 82.7% (43/52) vs 63.5% (33/52), both P < 0.05; the total cured rate in the group A was significantly higher than those in the group B and C [48.1% (25/52) vs 23.1% (12/52) and 25.0% (13/52), both P < 0.05]. Each item score and total score of PSQI were all improved after treatment in the group A and B (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), while only sleeping time, sleeping efficiency and total score were improved in the group C (all P < 0.05). The sleeping quality, sleeping time, sleeping difficulty and daytime dysfunction in the group A were all lower than those in the group C (all P < 0.05). The sleeping quality, sleeping time and daytime dysfunction in the goup B were all lower than those in the group C (all P < 0.05). The total score in the group A was significantly lower than that in the group B and C (both P < 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture has better effect for menopausal insomnia than estazolam. Between the two acupuncture methods, the acupuncture method of smoothing-liver and regulating-spleen has a better effect.</p>

CD133 selected stem cells from proliferating infantile hemangioma and establishment of an in vivo mice model of hemangioma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign tumor in children with prevalence in the face and neck. Various treatment options including oral propranolol have been described for IH, but the mechanism of drugs remains enigmatic. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis and establish a reliable in vivo model of IH which can provide platform for drug exploration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Stem cells from the proliferating hemangiomas (HemSCs) were isolated by CD133-tagged immunomagnetic beads. Their phenotype and angiogenic property were investigated by flow cytometry, culturing on Matrigel, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescent staining and injection into BALB/c-nu mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HemSCs had robust ability of proliferating and cloning. The time of cells doubling in proliferative phase was 16 hours. Flow cytometry showed that HemSCs expressed mesenchymal markers CD29, CD44, but not endothelial/hematopoietic marker of CD34 and hematopoietic marker CD45. The expression of CD105 was much lower than that of the reported hemangioma derived or normal mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). Real-time PCR showed that the mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) of HemSCs were higher than that of neonatal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). After HemSCs were cultured on Matrigel in vitro, they formed tube-like structure in a short time (16 hours) and differentiated into endothelial cells in 7 days. After 1 - 2 weeks of implantation into immunodeficient mice, HemSCs generated glucose transporter 1 positive blood vessels. When co-injected with HUVECs, the vascularization of HemSCs was greatly enhanced. However, the single implantation of HUVECs hardly formed blood vessels in BALB/c-nu mice (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HemSCs may be some kinds of primitive mesoderm derived stem cells with powerful angiogenic ability, which can recapitulate human hemangioma by co-injecting into immunodeficient mice with HUVECs.</p>

Determination of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline in Uncaria rhynchophylla by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore an HPLC method for determination of rhnchophylline and isorhnchophylline in Uncaria rhnchophylla.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>An HPLC method has been developed for determination of rhnchophylline and isorhnchophylline. The transformation of rhnchophylline and isorhnchophylline after heating was also studied by HPLC-ESI-MS.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Good linearities of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline were 0.064-5.100, 0.064-5.110 mg, respectively. The average recoveries were from 87.51% to 88.83% for rhynchophylline and from 107.9% to 113.9% for isorhynchophylline. The recoveries of rhynchophylline and isorhnchophylline reference solutions after extraction were 12.60% and 40.00% in the reflux extraction procedure, respectively. While in the ultrasonic extraction procedure, the average recoveries of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline was from 99.48% to 103.2% and from 97.00% to 99.59%, resepectively. The recoveries of rhynchophylline and isorhnchophylline reference solutions after extraction were 47.08% and 51.03%, respectively. The unqualified recovery could be elucidated by HPLC-ESI-MS analysis, indicating that trhynchophylline could be transformed mostly into isorhynchophylline and a little amount of unkown composition, while isorhynchophylline could be transformed into rhynchophylline isocorynoxeine, corynoxeine and 22-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl isocorynoxeinic acid during the extraction procedure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ultrasonic extraction procedure was more sutble for HPLC determination of the content of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline in U. rhnchophylla, however, the recovery problems should be paid attention to when it comes to the determination.</p>

Preparation of ferulic acid, senkyunolide I and senkyunolide H from Ligusticum chuanxiong by preparative HPLC / 中国中药杂志

Preparative HPLC was used to prepare ferulic acid, senkyunolide I and senkyunolide H from Ligusticum chuanxiong. The separation was conducted on a Shim-Pack Prep-ODS (20.0 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column with the mobile phase of methanol-0.2% glacial acetic acid (50:50)at the flow rate of 5 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 278 nm, and the purity of each compound was detected by HPLC analysis. Spectral data analyses including UV, ESI-MS and NMR were used to identify their structures. This method is simple, fast, which is suitable for preparation of standard reference of ferulic acid, senkyunolide I and senkyunolide H from L. chuanxiong and can meet the requirement of new drug research and development.

Evaluating method of the characteristic physical properties of the wetting mass using texture analyser / 药学学报

To build the evaluating method of the characteristic physical properties of the wetting mass, this study reported the preparation of wetting mass by adding water into microcrystalline cellulose, and using texture analyser texture profile analysis to test its physical properties, including hardness, adhesiveness, springness, cohesiveness, chewiness, resilience and so on, then finding out the better method and parameters. The method was evaluated and used to test wetting mass, which was made of microcrystalline cellulose of different types and polyvinylpyrrolidone. When running texture profile analysis whose trigger force was 1500 g, the relative standard deviation was under 10%, and the trend of every characteristic physical property tallied with the theory result by water ratio increase. Testing result of the same excipient with the same water ratio had a higher precision, while characteristic physical properties of wetting mass who was made of the same excipient with different water ratios and different excipients had a great difference. Using texture analyser to test physical properties of wetting mass could get a result which tallied with the theory by water ratio increase, and had a well precision, accuracy and sensitivity, and thus it could also evaluate the characteristic physical properties of wetting mass relatively well.

Randomized controlled study on effects of the needling method for regulating spleen-stomach on coronary heart disease complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe into the clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture on coronary heart disease complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus (CDM) and the mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using multi-central, randomized, controlled and blind methods, 120 cases of CDM were divided into an observation group and a control group, 60 cases in each group. They were treated by routine therapy for diabetes mellitus, and in the observation group, acupuncture at Quchi (LI 11), Hegu (LI 4), Xuehai (SP 10), Zusanli (ST 36), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Fenglong (ST 40). Diji (SP 8), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), etc. were added with the needling method for regulating spleen-stomach; while in the control group, acupuncture was given at Weiwanxiashu (EX-B 3), Feishu (BL 13), Pishu (BL 20), Shenshu (BL 23), Yanglingquan (GB 34), etc. The treatment was given twice a day in the two groups. Clinical therapeutic effects were assessed according to clinical symptoms and signs, frequency and lasting time of angina pectoris, quantity of taking Glycerol Trinitrate, blood sugar, blood lipids, urinary albumin excretion rate, urinary beta2-microglobulin, urinary monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), ECG, heart color Doppler, etc.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The needling method for regulating spleen-stomach not only could improve the symptoms and signs of the patient, but also could improve the degree of ST segment moving down and the function of left artrium relaxation, and had benign regulative effect on glycometabolism, lipids metabolism and urinary albumin level, with significant differences as compared with the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The markedly effective rate for improvement of ECG was 50.00% in the observation group and 13.79% in the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The needling method for regulating spleen-stomach can improve the damage of heart and blood vessels induced by abnormal sugar and lipids, decrease the level of urinary protein, inhibit MCP-1 excessive expression, relieve myocardial load and raise cardiac output in the patient of coronary heart disease complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p>

Randomized and controlled study on needling method of harmonizing spleen-stomach for early intervention of diabetic nephropathies and the mechanism of protecting kidney / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe into clinical therapeutic effect of acupuncture on diabetic nephropathies and the mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using multi-central, randomized and blind methods, 130 cases of diabetic nephropathy were divided into an observation group and a control group, 65 cases in each group. They were treated by routine diabetic therapy, and in the observation group, acupuncture at Quchi (LI 11), Zhigou (TE 6), Hegu (LI 4), Xuehai (SP 10), Zusanli (ST 36), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Fenglong (ST 40), Diji (SP 8), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taichong (LR 3), Tianshu (ST 25), Gaohuang (BL 43), Shenshu (BL 23), Zhongwan (CV 12), Zhongji (CV 3) were added with needling method of harmonizing spleen-stomach. While in the control group, acupuncture at Shenshu (BL 23), Taixi (KI 3), Sanyingjiao (SP 6), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Xuanzhong (GB 39), Guanyuan (CV 4), Shousanli (LI 10), Waiguan (TE 5), Yangxi (LI 5), Liangqiu (ST 34), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Neiting (ST 44), Huaroumen (ST 24), Dachangshu (BL 25). The treatment was given twice a day in the two groups. Clinical therapeutic effects were assessed according to clinical symptoms and signs, blood sugar, blood lipids, urinary albumin excretion rate, urinary monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood flow, etc..</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The needling method of harmonizing spleen-stomach not only could improve symptoms and signs of the patients, and also had benign regulative action on metabolism of blood sugar and lipids, and GFR, renal blood flow and urinary albumin level, with significant or very significant differences as compared with the control group ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The needling method of harmonizing spleen-stomach is an effective method for diabetic nephropathies, which can improve progressive renal lesion induced by abnormal metabolism of blood sugar and lipids, improve renal blood flow and GFR, decrease urinary albumin secretion, inhibit over expression of MCP-1, protect glomerulus and renal tubules, so as to improve renal function and delay renal lesion.</p>